Saturday, February 18, 2023

A Sola Scriptura Defense Of Divine Simplicity

"He is a simple, uncompounded Being, without diverse members, and altogether like, and equal to himself, since He is wholly understanding, and wholly spirit - Irenaeus (130 – c. 202)"
What is divine simplicity? Most Evangelicals do not even think about this doctrine, yet it simply means that God is not made out of parts, doesn't sound so radical right? Many probably agree with this, despite not knowing the name for the doctrine well. 
This doctrine does not deny the trinity, as the three persons are not "parts" of God, instead they are distinguished by relations of origin, the Father eternally begets the Son (John 3:16, Proverbs 30:4, Proverbs 8:23, John 5:26) and the Holy Spirit eternally proceeds from the Father (John 15:26) and from the Son (Philippians 1:19, Galatians 4:6, Revelation 22:1), but each is not 33% God or a part of God, but each is fully God, and thus maintaining the oneness of the essence of God, while still being tri-personal, the persons are co-eternal (each person has always existed and are not just "masks" of God) and co-equal (Each person is fully God and equal). What divine simplicity means is that God is not composed out of his attributes, God is not made 5% of love, 5% of goodness, 5% of justice, but God is identical to his attributes, meaning God is love, God is goodness, God is justice.

Biblical evidence

1 John 4:16 says: "And we have known and believed the love that God hath to us. God is love; and he that dwelleth in love dwelleth in God, and God in him."

Here we see John saying that God is identical to love, thus God is not made partially out of love but is love. A similar statement was made elsewhere in John's writings, as he says in 1 John 1:5 "This then is the message which we have heard of him, and declare unto you, that God is light, and in him is no darkness at all."

God is not merely "bright" but He is Light.

A less clear text that may be applied secondarily is Hebrews 12:29, which says "For our God is a consuming fire", Now if the words "consuming fire" refer to His perfect justice, the verse may be paraphrased as "God is justice", however I acknowledge this as a weak prooftext, however I may still lay it out there.

In Exodus 3:14  God is called the "I AM", this verse shows that God exists by Himself, He just "is", nothing caused God, God is "being" itself. However, if God was composed of many parts, those parts would cause God, thus God would not be self existent, which contradicts Exodus 3:14.  God is truly "one" as Deuteronomy 6:4 says. The traditional doctrine of the trinity says that "God is three in persons, yet one in essence", what Deuteronomy 6:4 affirms is that God is one in His essence, but if God is made out of many parts, that would mean that God's essence is not "one" but many.

Romans 11:36 says "For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things", yet if God's attributes (love, justice, goodness etc.) are not identical to God and God is the author of all, he would have created his own parts, which is plainly impossible to say, thus God must not be composed of many parts.

Divine simplicity is taught in multiple texts, Jesus himself used indirect implication when interpreting passages (Mark 12:27). It does not do away with the historical-grammatical hermeneutic to reach logical conclusions out of verses. 


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